“nǐhǎo” is basically
the first phrase that you learn in Chinese class. People tend not to use it so
much with people who they’re at all familiar with. It is kind of awkwardly
formal.
“nínhǎo” is the respectful form of “nǐhǎo” – it’s used with
people whom you want to express respect towards (a teacher, perhaps). “nínhǎo”
is actually used and appropriate in such situations.
This is short for 早上好 (zǎoshang hǎo), which means “good morning.” It’s pretty
much used the exact same way as it is in English. You can’t go wrong with this
on, unless if it’s the evening.
2. 你吃了吗? nǐ chī le ma – “Have you
eaten?”
When someone says “nǐ chī le ma?”, they’re not asking
you out to lunch. You can just say “chī le, nǐ ne?” (I’ve eaten, how about
you?). That pretty much suffices. It’s a way to lightly express that you care
about the other person. But like the expression “how are you” in English, don’t
come back with a long description of the sandwich you just had – they’re just
being polite.
3. 最近好吗? zuìjìn hǎo ma –
“How are you these days?”
This is basically equivalent to “how are you” in English.
The length of your response can be similar to what you’d say in English. You
can just grunt with an “en”, which would be similar to “yep.” Or you can reply
with a few lines about how things are going.
4. 去哪儿?qù
nǎr – “Where are you going?”
This is an Chinese greeting that’s commonly used when you
run into someone.
This one might seem quite nosy by non-Chinese standards, but
don’t be bothered by that – this is another way that people express that they
care by showing interest.
It’s common to use a variation of this expression by putting
in a location. For example, if you run into a student, you might say “qù shàngkè
le?” (“going to class?”).
5. 喂
wèi – “Hello?”
This is the first thing that Chinese people say when they
pick up the phone. It’s just like when English speakers say “hello?” on the
phone. The person is saying hello, but also expecting that the person on the
other end identify themselves.
6. 好久不见!hǎojiǔ
bújiàn – “Long time no see!”
This is the expression that is used between old friends.
It’s a very positive greeting.
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